Mae cyfalaf yn defnyddio batris cyflwr solet yn wyllt: ond mae'r gadwyn ddiwydiannol yn amherffaith ac mae problemau technegol amrywiol i'w datrys o hyd.
Yn ddiweddar, cyhoeddodd y cwmni batri cyflwr solet Huineng Technology ei fod wedi cwblhau rownd ariannu newydd o 326 miliwn o ddoleri'r UD; derbyniodd cwmni batri cyflwr solet Weilan New Energy fuddsoddiad o tua 500 miliwn yuan, gyda phrisiad prosiect o 5 biliwn yuan; Cyhoeddodd Stellantis a Daimler fuddsoddiad mewn-newyddion batri cyflwr solidFfactorialEnergy... Mae poblogrwydd batris cyflwr solet yn parhau i gynyddu, gan ddod yn allfa fuddsoddi ar gyfer y diwydiant cerbydau ynni newydd.
Mae gwneuthurwyr ceir a chwmnïau batri yn sgrialu i ddatblygu
Deellir bod batris cyflwr solid yn disodli'r electrolyt a'r gwahanydd â batris cyflwr solid, a all gynyddu dwysedd ynni batris ïon lithiwm presennol o tua 300Wh/kg i fwy na 500Wh / kg, a goresgyn problemau megis sefydlogrwydd batri gwael ac effeithlonrwydd codi tâl isel.
Ar hyn o bryd, mae cwmnïau ceir prif ffrwd a chwmnïau batri yn sgramblo i ddatblygu batris cyflwr solet. Er enghraifft, yn 2018, buddsoddodd Volkswagen US100 miliwn yn QuantumScape, cwmni batri ïon lithiwm pŵer Americanaidd, i ddod yn gyfranddaliwr mwyaf, a sefydlodd fenter ar y cyd i ddatblygu batris cyflwr solet, sef disgwylir iddo gael ei-gynhyrchu ar raddfa fawr ar ôl 2023; Mae BMW yn bwriadu dechrau defnyddio batris cyflwr solet 100AH ar gyfer cerbydau sy'n dechrau'r flwyddyn nesaf. Profi safonol lefel reoleiddiol ac integreiddio cerbydau, mae'n bwriadu lansio cerbyd prototeip gan ddefnyddio batris cyflwr solet erbyn 2025, a bydd yn rhoi technoleg batri cyflwr solet ar waith- }cerbydau wedi'u cynhyrchu erbyn 2030; Yn ddiweddar, cyhoeddodd Hyundai a Kia ar y cyd arwyddo cytundeb gyda FactorialEnergy i hyrwyddo batris cyflwr solet. Cynhyrchu batris safonol; ar Dachwedd 29, cyhoeddodd Nissan lansiad modelau cerbydau trydan gyda'r holl fatris cyflwr solet erbyn blwyddyn ariannol 2028...
O ran cwmnïau batri, mae LG New Energy yn bwriadu masnacheiddio'r holl fatris cyflwr solet o 2025 i 2027; Mae Samsung SDI yn bwriadu datblygu batris cyflwr mawr ar raddfa fawr a'r holl gynhyrchion prototeip batri cyflwr solid erbyn 2025, a màs{{ 10}}eu cynhyrchu yn 2027; Dywedodd Ganfeng Lithium Industry , cafodd llinell beilot batri cyflwr y genhedlaeth gyntaf o 200 miliwn Wh solid ei rhoi ar waith yn llwyddiannus... Mae cwmnïau ceir a chwmnïau batri yn frwd dros fuddsoddi mewn solid- batris cyflwr, ac mae rhai canlyniadau wedi dod allan.
"It is difficult to achieve industrialization within 10 years"
Mae gan fatris cyflwr solid fanteision sylweddol, ond ni ellir cyflawni cymwysiadau ar raddfa fawr mewn cyfnod byr o amser.
Wu Hui, general manager of the Research Department of Ivey Economic Research Institute, told reporters: "Solid-state batteries are the development trend of the power lithium-ion battery industry, but some technical problems cannot be solved at present, and it is difficult to achieve industrialization within 10 years. For example, solid-state batteries are solid-state batteries. Solid interface, large internal resistance, low electrical conductivity, there is no good solution." There are three mainstream technical routes for solid-state battery electrolytes - oxides, sulfides and polymers, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Yole Développement, a French market research company, pointed out that the key to solid-state battery applications is to find suitable electrolyte materials, and all current solutions have problems with ionic conductivity, battery life and safety.
"If the technical problems cannot be solved, the energy density advantages of solid-state batteries will not be reflected." Wu Hui said frankly.
Wu Hui further pointed out: "Actually, the 'solid-state batteries' that car companies are preparing to install are semi-solid batteries with a small amount of electrolyte." It is understood that semi-solid batteries belong to the transitional technology from liquid to solid-state batteries. For example, NIO previously announced a 150kWh solid-state battery product with a single energy density of 360Wh/kg, and the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) cruising range of the ET7 exceeds 1,000 kilometers. The company explained that although the battery is described as a solid-state battery, it is actually a semi-solid-state battery that still requires an electrolyte and a separator.
In addition, the complex process of solid-state batteries and the lack of industrial chains have pushed up production costs. But at the same time, some research institutions believe that if solid-state batteries are mass-produced, their cost will be 40 percent of that of lithium-ion batteries. "There will be a process of cost reduction after the industrialization of solid-state batteries, but the premise is industrialization. In the future, the cost parity of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles can be achieved through the application of solid-state batteries." Wu Hui believes.
Mae cwmnïau Ewropeaidd, America, Japaneaidd a Corea yn cychwyn yn gyflymach
The market research institute SNEResearch estimates that by 2030, the global demand for solid-state batteries is expected to be close to 500GWh; by 2025, the global market space for solid-state batteries is expected to reach 6 billion yuan, of which my country's solid-state battery market space is expected to reach 3 billion yuan and 200 by 2030. billion. The Huaan Securities Industry Research Report pointed out that solid-state batteries have become an important breakthrough for some non-traditional battery companies to enter the lithium battery industry.
my country is the world's largest new energy vehicle market. With the advent of the TWh era, solid-state batteries have become a must for the company. The "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" issued in November last year clearly proposed to accelerate the research and development and industrialization of solid-state power lithium-ion battery technology.
Wu Hui said: "Solid-state batteries are the next-generation technology direction of power lithium-ion batteries. Whether car companies or battery companies, they must be deployed, occupy the commanding heights, and first solve technical problems such as conductivity."
It is understood that as the car company with the most patents in the field of solid-state batteries, Toyota's solid-state batteries have begun to be tested in prototype vehicles. Recently, Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that although my country is in a leading position in the supply of power lithium-ion batteries, companies in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea have taken the lead in the research and development of solid-state batteries, while China is still in the stage of "separate policy".
Mae mewnfudwyr diwydiant yn credu bod cost y batri cyflwr solet a ddaeth allan yn y cyfnod cynnar yn gymharol uchel, a dim ond trwy ei gyfateb â modelau pen uchel y gellir gwrthbwyso'r gost newydd. Ar yr un pryd, er mwyn goresgyn yr anawsterau a wynebir gan fasnacheiddio batris cyflwr solet, mae angen i ddatblygwyr technoleg, cyflenwyr offer, gweithgynhyrchwyr batri ac OEMs gydweithio i gryfhau cymorth technegol ymhellach a llenwi'r bwlch yn y gadwyn gyflenwi. . Yn ogystal, dylai'r lefel genedlaethol hefyd wella arweiniad polisi ac annog tyfu prosiectau manteisiol.
