Mae adeiladu sianeli ailgylchu batri lithiwm pŵer wedi mynd i gyfnod tyngedfennol, mae cost uchel ac economi wan wedi dod yn bwynt poen yn y diwydiant
Er bod y diwydiant cerbydau ynni newydd yn ffynnu ac yn datblygu, mae mater ailgylchu batri pŵer hefyd wedi dod yn ffocws i'r diwydiant. Ar ôl sawl blwyddyn o ddatblygiad, mae cyfnod sgrapio màs cerbydau ynni newydd yn agosáu. Os na ellir ailgylchu a defnyddio nifer fawr o fatris wedi ymddeol yn iawn, bydd nid yn unig yn arwain at wastraffu adnoddau, ond hefyd yn achosi problemau megis llygredd amgylcheddol.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Pwyntiau poen diwydiant: cost uchel, economi wan
Y cyfnod ymddeol ar gyfer cerbydau teithwyr ynni newydd fel arfer yw 5 mlynedd, ac ar gyfer ceir teithwyr a cherbydau masnachol mae'n 3 blynedd. Cyn 2022, bydd y batris wedi ymddeol yn cael eu dominyddu gan batris ffosffad haearn lithiwm. Ar ôl 2022, bydd nifer y batris teiran wedi ymddeol yr un fath â rhai ffosffad haearn lithiwm, a bydd yn rhagori arnynt yn raddol. Disgwylir i gapasiti dadgomisiynu damcaniaethol batris pŵer yn 2018 fod yn 5.14GWh, a ffynhonnell y dadgomisiynu yn bennaf yw bysiau ynni newydd.
Dysgodd y gohebydd fod y cwmnïau sydd wedi defnyddio busnesau cysylltiedig wedi'u rhannu'n bum categori yn bennaf: cwmnïau ailgylchu traddodiadol, cwmnïau ailgylchu sy'n dod i'r amlwg, ffatrïoedd pecynnau batri, cwmnïau deunydd batri a gweithgynhyrchwyr cerbydau.
Mae gan wahanol fathau o fusnesau fanteision ac anfanteision gwahanol. Er enghraifft, mae gan gwmnïau ailgylchu traddodiadol fanteision cymharol mewn sianeli ailgylchu, technoleg adfywio deunydd, technoleg malu batri a thechnoleg mwyndoddi, ond oherwydd eu diffyg ffynonellau batri pŵer eu hunain, mae angen iddynt gydweithio ag OEMs a phlanhigion sgrap o hyd. Mae manteision cwmnïau ailgylchu sy'n dod i'r amlwg yn cael eu hadlewyrchu'n bennaf mewn technolegau malu a datgymalu batri.
Ar hyn o bryd, mae dulliau trin batris pŵer gwastraff yn bennaf yn cynnwys technoleg pyrometallurgy a thechnoleg hydrometallurgy. Dywedodd Wang Haibei, cyfarwyddwr Sefydliad Ymchwil a Dylunio Metelegol Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group Co, Ltd, fod proses fwyndoddi'r dechnoleg bresennol yn gymhleth ac yn anodd iawn.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Cwmnïau'r llywodraeth yn ymuno i geisio torri tir newydd
Mewn ymateb i'r problemau uchod, mae adrannau perthnasol y wladwriaeth wedi cyhoeddi cyfres o bolisïau diwydiannol i arwain a rheoleiddio'r diwydiant ailgylchu batri pŵer.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Yn ôl adroddiadau, ar ôl i'r batri wedi ymddeol basio'r gwerthusiad, gellir cynnal y cyswllt defnyddio rhaeadru i helpu'r system storio ynni i wella'r economi gyffredinol a gwneud y mwyaf o fywyd beicio batris lithiwm. Ar hyn o bryd, mae llawer o fentrau wedi cynnal prosiectau arddangos o ddefnydd rhaeadru.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Cydweithrediad manwl- i loywi'r gadwyn ddiwydiannol
Deallir bod y system ailgylchu batri pŵer yn cynnwys llawer o randdeiliaid megis cwmnïau ceir, gweithgynhyrchwyr batri, cwmnïau ailgylchu batri, ac ati Mae'r gadwyn yn hir, ac mae yna lawer o anawsterau o hyd yn y broses weithredu wirioneddol.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Dywedir bod nifer o gwmnïau wedi defnyddio ailgylchu batris pŵer yn y cefnfor glas hwn:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
Ym mis Ionawr 2018, llofnododd China Tower Corporation ac 16 o gwmnïau gan gynnwys Sound Group gytundeb partneriaeth strategol ar gyfer ailgylchu batris pŵer cerbydau ynni newydd. Bydd China Tower Company yn defnyddio'r batri pŵer sydd wedi ymddeol o'r bws trydan pur, ar ôl profi, didoli ac ad-drefnu, i ddisodli'r batri asid plwm ar gyfer copi wrth gefn ynni'r orsaf sylfaen gyfathrebu.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
